18 Quick History Facts for Grand Canyon Travelers

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Geologists estimate the Grand Canyon to be between five and six million years old. In that time, the "big ditch" has seen its fair share of action. To chronicle it would take a book. Instead, I've taken the liberty to condense it into these 18 brief, historical highlights:

18 Quick History Facts for Grand Canyon Travelers

1. The discovery of spear points made by Paleo-Indian hunters indicate that men inhabited the canyon in 10,000 B.C.

2. 500 B.C. to present - Various Native American tribes have continuously lived in the Grand Canyon region. The Cohonina, Cerbat, and the Anasazi were the first to settle the area. Then came the Navajo, Paiute, and Hopi. Many of these groups were ancestors to the Hualapai and Havasupai, two tribes that today call the canyon home.

3. In 1540, Spanish conquistador Francisco Coronado happened upon the Grand Canyon.

4. The 1948-signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe made the Grand Canyon a part of the United States.

5. The first geologic survey of the canyon was in 1856 by Mr. Jules Marcou of the Pacific Railroad.

6. The first attempt to explore the canyon was in 1857 by Lt. Joseph Christmas Ives. He was commissioned by the War Department to determine if the Colorado River was navigable - and it was!

7. The first time a map included the name "Grand Canyon" was in 1868. The following year, John Wesley Powell, famously know as the "one-armed explorer" because he lost said limb to a musket ball, put together a 10-man team and led them on the Colorado River Exploring Expedition.

8. In the 1870's, greedy miners invaded the canyon looking for large deposits of copper, lead, and zinc. They eventually abandoned their efforts because the ore was too difficult to extract.

9. The 1880's brought the railroads. The Atlantic and Pacific Railroads put up stations in Flagstaff, AZ, and in Williams, AZ, leading to an small influx of visitors.

10. Under the direction of President Benjamin Harrison, the Grand Canyon was accorded National Forest Reserve status in 1883.

11. Journalist Winfield Hogaboom drove herself and three friends to the South Rim in 1902. It was the first car to enter the Park.

12. President Theodore Roosevelt elevated the canyon to National Monument status in 1908.

13. President Woodrow Wilson promoted the canyon to National Park status in 1919.

14. In 1922, the Fred Harvey Company constructed Phantom Ranch, a small rustic commune of stone cottages located at the bottom of the Canyon along the Colorado River.

15. Cars surpassed trains in the 1930's as the preferred way to travel to the canyon.

16. In 1975, President Gerald Ford expanded the canyon's boundaries to include Marble Canyon National Monument.

17. The Grand Canyon became a World Heritage Site in 1979.

18. President Bill Clinton created the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument in 2000. The new monument, located adjacent to the North Rim, encompasses more than a million acres, nearly the same size as Grand Canyon National park (1.2 million acres total).

The Grand Canyon is a living history book. This brief time line is enough to get you started as plan your vacation's list of things to do and see. More information is available at any of South Rim's fabulous information centers. Or ask a Park Ranger. These folks act as stewards of the land and are sure to have an answer. They'll also help keep from being buried in a guidebook so you can do what you came for: Enjoy the Park's stunning natural beauty with eyes wide open.

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Information About the Paleo Diet

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The genetic foundations of the metabolisms of modern humans were laid down millions of years ago, long before the agricultural revolution caused us to begin eating grains, dairy products such as milk and cheese, or sugar. The Paleo diet - short for "Paleolithic" - aims to return you to the eating habits that your body, and the body of every other human on Earth, is designed for, thus banishing the allergies, metabolic diseases, and tooth decay that our poorly chosen modern foods inflict.

Information About the Paleo Diet

Farming and domestication of animals (other than, perhaps, hunting dogs) has taken place only during the most recent years of humanity's long history, a matter of nine or ten thousand at most, and probably less. Unfortunately, these food products became very common - but the fact is that our physiology is still adapted to pre-agricultural dietary patterns. In effect, many supposedly "wholesome" foods we eat today are actually mildly poisonous to us, or react negatively with our body chemistry.

The Paleo diet returns control over your metabolic health to you by focusing on the food groups that the cavemen ate: lean meats, both mammalian and avian, eggs, fish and shellfish, nuts, fresh fruits, and a range of vegetables, including a few root vegetables (but not potatoes, which many diets make the error of including, though at the time of the cavemen these plants grew wild only in remote areas of the Andes and thus were not adapted to by most people).

By limiting your intake to these foods, you will be eating the nourishment Nature intended us to consume, which is readily metabolized and healthy for us. Lean meats as well as organ meats and even tongue will form the backbone of any good diet that follows this innovative, scientifically grounded program. Half a dozen eggs a week will be a good representation of the eggs occasionally found in nests or raided from seabird rookeries.

Nuts are a great source of healthy Paleolithic protein, with monosaturated fats that feed your body while actually lowering your cholesterol. Nuts contain compounds that probably inhibit breast cancer and a few other cancers from developing, and strengthen the heart, reducing the chance of heart disease. Start off slowly eating nuts because they are very nutritious and calorie rich. As you get deeper into the Paleo diet, however, your metabolic rate will rise and you can eat more and still stay (or get) slim.

Though you can get a good grasp of many foods you should avoid simply by eschewing everything that comes in a box, you should also not eat foods that contain sugar, which includes maple syrup or artificial syrup. All kinds of grain products, from bread to pizza crust to pancakes, should be stricken from your list of acceptable foods. Your menu should likewise eliminate butter, cheese, milk, cream, ice cream, and anything else derived from cows.

The Paleo diet may seem a bit restrictive at first, but the lack of allergies, reduced chance of diabetes, and general feeling of energy and well being that you will experience on it will more than compensate for this. There are many superb recipes you can make for variety and gustatory enjoyment, and with the high protein focus of the diet, you will lose excess weight even without much exercise. Exercise regularly and you will be as lean and hardy as one of your Paleolithic forebears in no time!

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Snack Ideas For The Caveman Diet

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The Paleolithic diet, also known as the Paleo diet, is a dietary approach that is modeled after the stone age "caveman" food consumption. While practicing this diet, one generally focuses on eating meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. It also includes roots and nuts, but there are exclusions. There are no grain, dairy products, legumes or refined sugar and processed oils. This means that many snacks are automatically disqualified in this diet plan.

Snack Ideas For The Caveman Diet

While there are many items that are not included in the Paleo diet, there are simple things you can keep on hand to eat. Simple planning takes the guesswork out of snack foods on the Paleo diet plan.

FRUITS AND NUTS

There are many types of fruit and nut combinations that you can choose from. Many of these are even made into "eat on the go" bars, eliminating the need to prep food. While having pre-made snacks at home makes it easy to get a quick snack, you can also purchase a wide range of fruits and nuts and mix your own snacks. There are an endless array of combinations, with nuts such as pistachios or macadamias, or more traditional choices such as almonds and pecans, along with all types of dried fruits. You can use honey as a binding ingredient to create your own bars, or simply keep a mix in a baggie for a quick snack.

VEGETABLES

The Paleo diet is an opportunity to explore new vegetables, as well as to consume your favorites. Keep multiple choices on hand, such as fresh tomatoes, carrots, peppers, asparagus, zucchini, mushrooms, cauliflower, and squash. These can be eaten fresh, or quickly stir fried for an easy snack. New combinations can be created and used in unique ways.

FRUITS

While fruit intake is supposed to be kept minimal on the Paleo diet, it is fine in moderation. Many fruits are delicious eaten fresh, while many prefer to add some honey for a dessert snack. Ideas for fruits include apples, strawberries, kiwi, bananas and grapes. When purchasing produce, make sure that you consider the shelf life so you don't waste food. One way to make sure your fruit does not spoil is to purchase frozen fruits with a combination of fruits. This is an economically good choice for fruit long term, and the fruit can be thawed in about an hour, or quickly placed in the microwave.

QUICHE

Since the three main foods included in the Paleo diet are eggs, meat and vegetables, then making quiche in bulk and freezing some "mini quiches" are a great way to have a quick snack, or even a full meal. This is a time saver if you make your quiche all at once and simply take a snack out when needed, and adds a delicious snack to your list of options.

There are many other food ideas for snacks while on the Paleo diet. You are limited only by your creativity. The best way to find good snacks is to read up on some recipe ideas, and then keep ingredients on hand. When on any diet, the best chances of success are planning and purpose.

The Paleo diet has been a choice for diets for almost forty years, based on the fact that our bodies haven't changed since the caveman era. The food choices reflect what was eaten at the dawn of mankind, and even today, leaving out the preservatives and eating fresh, healthy food choices makes sense for many reasons.

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The ABC's Of Paleo Food Guide

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If you already heard about the Paleo diet, perhaps you're also aware of the foods included to create a healthy Paleo meal plan. If not, then might as well start putting it in plain words, speculations and all the trappings it entails.

The ABC's Of Paleo Food Guide

Paleo Diet, also known as Paleolithic Diet, Caveman Diet and Hunter-Gatherer Diet, is a type of diet based on the foods the ancient people eat during the Stone Age Era. Since they used hunting to source their food, their diet mainly included wild animal meat, fish, fresh fruits and vegetables.

In statistics, it was approximately 99% of what they ate all the time. The 1% is for stuff that they might have consumed occasionally or during the latter period of the era, when they learned how to settle in one area and is actually out of our scope of knowledge.

Considering the list of foods that one can eat in generous amounts, some that are in moderation and several that needs to be eliminated, it is natural to be confused and skeptical at first. However, since there is a wide selection of food guides, recipes and cookbooks, considering the Paleo diet might not be as hard as you thought it would be. And to give you a rough idea of the foods that you should and shouldn't eat. The list below might be helpful and somehow able to satisfy your curiosity.

First are the highly-encouraged foods. Any lean meat that is trimmed with visible fat will do-from pork and beef to goat and rabbit meat. Breasts of chicken, turkey and game hen are also good choices when it comes to poultry. Chicken, duck and goose eggs are also protein-enriched food so including them won't hurt.

You can also try organ meats as alternatives if you need to meet a budget because they are cheaper. Fish and shellfish are included as well so you won't have to worry about eating meat in all of your meals per day.

As for fruit, you can go from apple, berries and cantaloupes to pomegranate, tangerine and watermelon. That's how wide your selection is. Same goes for vegetables, though greens are the best, you can mix them with red and orange ones to make a nice blend of your nutrient intake.

As for the foods you should avoid, all dairy products, legumes, grains, starchy foods like cassava and potatoes, soft drinks and other drinks high in glycemic index and of course, sweets. Cavemen certainly were not fond of ice creams and candies in their time!

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The Truth About Anti Aging Skin Care Treatment - A Simple Guide

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This is an anti aging skin care guide that tells you some key truths you can't avoid:

The Truth About Anti Aging Skin Care Treatment - A Simple Guide

-- Why skin cream works best when you're taking care of your health;

-- What treatments and ingredients are dangerous;

-- What kind of anti aging skin care treatment has shown excellent results in clinical testing.

The skin killers are excessive sun, especially sunburn; smoking; and a diet high in sugar, starchy foods and dairy products.

Now, I'm not a fanatic about the sun. I regularly get some sunshine and fresh air. Sunlight is the natural, free source of abundant vitamin D, which most of us in modern countries are lacking. Vitamin D is essential for good health.

But avoid getting sunburned. That's very important.

Most people, even smokers, will agree that smoking is bad for you. Smoking has been shown to cause aging skin, you probably know that, so no lectures here.

But most people don't know that the food you eat makes a big difference in your skin.

Loren Cordain of the University of Colorado, is a researcher on the Paleo diet our ancestors ate. In many studies, he showed that it's possible today to eat similar foods to our ancestors.

When we do, we can eliminate acne when nothing else has worked. (Dermatologists have been telling people for decades that diet has nothing to do with acne. It turns out those "experts" are dead wrong.)

Just as important -- eating right can reverse aging markers, measured by exact scientific standards!

The foods that make the difference are: lean meats and fish; non-starchy vegetables and fruits; and healthy oils, like omega 3 fish oils, canola oil and olive oil.

The foods that make us fat, diabetic, and struggling with heart disease are the same ones that cause acne and wrinkled, sagging skin. They are refined sugar, fatty meats, dairy products and the starchy foods. That includes milk, cheese, grains, cereals, bread, pasta and potatoes. It also includes most vegetable oils that we used to be told were great for health, like soybean oil, to take the most popular example.

The harsh anti aging skin care treatments include dermabrasion (scraping off the outer layer of skin), chemical peels (irritating the skin so the top layer peels off), and cosmetic surgery. All are relatively expensive, none nourish the skin in any way, all have some nasty possible side effects, and all of them have to be repeated as their effects fade.

I avoid them for all those reasons, and I would be a hypocrite to recommend them.

Some dangerous ingredients, I'm sorry to say, are very common in so-called anti aging skin care treatments:

-- The petroleum byproducts, including mineral oil by any of its names, liquid paraffin, paraffin wax, petrolatum and petroleum. They block pores, encourage acne and rapid skin aging, can cause photo-sensitivity so your skin sunburns more easily, and strip your skin's natural oils, leaving your skin drier than ever.

-- Fragrances are a huge variety of chemicals, many toxic. Many affect the central nervous system, causing irritability and depression. Avoid fragrances in skin creams. A light body spray is much better if you just want to smell nice. It doesn't have to be rubbed onto the skin, which causes much more to be absorbed.

-- Acrylamide, common in skin creams, is suspected of causing breast tumors.

-- Polyethylene glycol (PEG), suspected of being carcinogenic.

There's a more complete list on my website.

What works

The main causes of aging skin are well known and widely studied. Anti aging creams can only work by reversing those causes. The most important are:

-- Loss of collagen and elastin, the key proteins the give skin its firmness and elasticity;

-- Loss of hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid, which you might think of as the "glue" that holds collagen and elastin in youthful, healthy skin.

-- Oxidation damage from free radicals in the skin, when your skin is lacking antioxidants from lack of nourishment.

In fact, every one of those can be reversed.

See my website for some modern ingredients which have shown in clinical trials they actually reverse all the major causes of skin aging and make an effective anti aging skin care treatment.

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The Paleo Diet - Nutritional Differences Between The Current Western Diet

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We know that time has installed many changes in our lifestyle, so much so that today we have a totally different diet of our ancestors. To clearly notice the changes in food quality, we show you the nutritional differences between the Paleo diet and Western diet today.

The Paleo Diet - Nutritional Differences Between The Current Western Diet

Recall that in the Paleolithic humans were hunter gatherers, dominated by vegetables, raw fruits and game meats of all kinds. But today, dominated by processed foods on natural and fresh. So, below is a table where you can see the nutritional changes that have occurred over time and we can compare our diet and our ancestors with current recommendations.

If you look closely you will see that despite a high consumption of meat, fats in the diet of Paleolithic were much lower than the current ratio and polyunsaturated fatty acids (AGP) / saturated fatty acids (SFA) were better, this is that the game animals were lean, had a high level of activity and fed with natural products so your fat percentage was lower and the quality of it better than we have in today's meat.

We can clearly see a change in the amount of fiber consumed, primarily due to the high fat processing of our foods today, and because of this, we have a high sodium intake that far exceeds that of our ancestors.

The cholesterol level was similar as we can see, due by the high consumption of meat and today, it also and even more consumption of meats, sausages, cheeses and more.

While today we have many dairy products, calcium intake is lower and this is due to low intake of foods that are naturally in the mineral, for example, nuts and seeds. Furthermore, the antioxidant level marked by vitamin C in this case, also greatly reduced.

In conclusion, our diet has changed much, especially with regard to quality of ingested fats and micro-nutrients we get to what we eat. Undoubtedly, these differences deserve to know to understand a bit more why our ancestors were healthier with what they ate (and also because they moved much more) than we are today.

Of course, those with a Paleo diet will have some differences from the Western diet that is referenced here, it is this model of diet which tends to globalize and expand globally, but with nuances of each country and culture.

So do not ever eat anything that has to do with the agricultural revolution, that is, neither cereals nor derivatives, forget the cheese and yogurt, eat as their ancestors did and get to eat so much donuts and that crap, run through the meadow for sports as men did and imagine Paleolithic behind him being chased by a saber tooth, eat lean meat, vegetables and nuts and become a true Cro-Magnon who goes in search of natural harmony, let the pansy and start to decorate your home with style Lascaux bison.

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Crossfit: The Way Your Body Was Meant To Train!

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After reading Mark Rippetoe and Lon Kilgore's book, called "Starting Strength", I now know more than ever why Multi-joint exercises and functional movement reigns supreme to condition the body.

Crossfit: The Way Your Body Was Meant To Train!

Rippetoe and Kilgore say that "Physical strength, more than any other thing we possess, still determines the quality and the quantity of our time here in these bodies." I know what they mean. As a health provider, I can think of a few categories I could add to the list of important things to possess for a long healthy life, such as, immune system, mental health, etc. But, we could easily miss the point. They are not saying that other things are not important. Rather, they are examining what is the bare essential to "exist" in "this body" we are inhabiting for the next few decades.

Take a walk through a hospital, or a nursing home, if you need some insight or motivation. Look at all the people that have lost their strength, they are too weak to walk, sit up in bed, or even feed themselves.

That is one of my biggest fears...

Being trapped in a broken down body!

It is the foundation of living in the physical world.

The best news is its something we can all work on.

How many of us know how to get our immune systems in shape? Hopefully, you will learn by reading my blog, The Health Fixer, but working on our physical bodies is something we can all do.

How many hours per day or per week do you have available to commit to your physical health?

It's a great question.

Because then you need to ask yourself what type of exercise is worth spending your time on.

My daughter Lily is doing High School Cheerleading, along with Lacrosse and Track.

She is required to do tumbling runs consisting of a double back-handspring, followed by a back tuck (flip), and then lift, and press her teammates into the air.

These are all functional movements, in other words they require multiple joints working in unison under a load.

A bicep curl, involves the bending of the elbow to raise the weight. One joint.

Again it looks good, but it is not very practical in everyday life. My wrestling coach used to tell us that training the biceps as an isolated exercise was a waste of time unless perhaps you were a gymnast. However, when you go to any gym, that's what people spend an awful lot of time on... bicep curls!

My coach explained that most sports need shoulders, back, butt, core, forearms and grip, and the power that comes from powerful hips and the posterior chain of muscles that run along the back of our bodies. The part we can't see in the mirror!

A snatch, involves multiple joints.

Multiple joint exercises trains the body the way it was meant to move.

Rippetoe and Kilgore say that "The human body functions as a complete system- it works that way, and it likes to be trained that way. It doesn't like to be separated into its constituent components and then have those components exercised separately, since the strength obtained from training will not be utilized in this way. The general pattern of strength acquisition must be the same as that in which the strength will be used."

They go on to say, "Properly performed, full range-of-motion barbell exercises are essentially the functional expression of human skeletal and muscular anatomy under a load."

It depends what your goal is... If you want to look good, then single joint exercises will help you meet your goals. If you want to live long, and be able to jump, climb, drag, row, run, skip, thrust, reach, push, pull, bounce, spin, hop, and roll throughout your life then do exercises that challenge those movements under a load, then start to do functional movements with a load! At this point you may think, why do I want to do those things anyway. But the inability to do those things defines your physical presence here on the planet. Imagine what its like to not be able to reach down and pick up your grandkid off the carpet(multiple joint movement). All those things (run, jump, climb, etc) are either 'freedoms' or 'limitations'. It's your choice.

That's why I love crossfit!

The beauty of crossfit, is its scalable. Meaning the load and rate of exercise can be varied to meet the age, size, sex, and needs of the individual. So, if the exercise requires lifting a bar from the floor to an overhead position, then the person can lift a broomstick, or an Olympic barbell with many plates on either end!

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